点人溯事 · 历史人物生平行迹专题（第 4 / 7 篇）
玄奘西行求法行迹（627年 — 645年 · 唐贞观元年至贞观十九年）
Xuanzang's Pilgrimage to the Western Regions (627 CE – 645 CE · Tang Dynasty, Zhenguan Era)
时代跨度：627年 — 645年 · 唐贞观元年至贞观十九年
途经站点：共 12 站
起点 → 终点：长安 → 长安
全线途经古今地名：长安（今陕西西安） → 凉州（今甘肃武威） → 瓜州（今甘肃瓜州） → 高昌王城（今新疆吐鲁番） → 龟兹（今新疆库车） → 碎叶城（今吉尔吉斯斯坦托克马克） → 缚喝（今阿富汗巴尔赫） → 健驮逻（今巴基斯坦白沙瓦） → 那烂陀寺（今印度比哈尔邦那烂陀） → 曲女城（今印度北方邦卡瑙季） → 于阗（今新疆和田） → 长安（今陕西西安）。
Route Stops: Chang'an (Xi'an, Shaanxi) → Liangzhou (Wuwei, Gansu) → Guazhou (Guazhou, Gansu) → Gaochang (Turpan, Xinjiang) → Kucha (Kuqa, Xinjiang) → Suyab (Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan) → Balkh (Balkh, Afghanistan) → Gandhara (Peshawar, Pakistan) → Nalanda Monastery (Nalanda, Bihar, India) → Kanyakubja (Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh, India) → Khotan (Hotan, Xinjiang) → Chang'an (Xi'an, Shaanxi).
玄奘西行求法行迹 · 逐站时空坐标、古今地名与史料诗词详解（12 站）
为求《瑜伽师地论》梵本真义，年二十八自长安混迹灾民西出秦陇，立誓“不至天竺终不东归”。
Seeking original Sanskrit texts of the Yogacarabhumi-sastra, Xuanzang departed Chang’an alone, vowing never to turn back before India.
《大慈恩寺三藏法师传》：“遂发足西行，自尔孑然孤游。”Biography of the Tripitaka Master: "Thus he set foot westward, traveling onward in solitary resolve."
于河西都会凉州开讲经论月余，名震葱岭以东；为避边关禁令，由慧威法师遣徒护送昼伏夜行。
After lecturing for a month in Liangzhou to great acclaim, he evaded border bans by traveling at night and hiding by day toward Guazhou.
《大慈恩寺三藏法师传》：“凉州为河西都会，僧徒既多，请留开讲。”Biography of the Tripitaka Master: "Liangzhou was the metropolis of Hexi; its many monks entreated him to stay and lecture."
州吏李昌感其诚暗撕牒文；玄奘夜渡葫芦河独闯五烽，于八百里莫贺延碛绝水五日，九死一生抵伊吾。
Crossing the Hulu River past five watchtowers, he survived five days without water in the 800-li Moheyan Desert before reaching Hami.
《大慈恩寺三藏法师传》：“莫贺延碛长八百余里，古曰沙河，上无飞鸟，下无走兽。”Biography of the Tripitaka Master: "The Moheyan Desert stretches over 800 li—no birds above, no beasts below."
绝食三日明西求大法之志，高昌王麴文泰感泣结为兄弟，修二十四封国书、备资粮护送西行。
Moved by Xuanzang’s three-day fast, King Qu Wentai of Gaochang swore brotherhood and provided 24 diplomatic letters for his journey west.
《大慈恩寺三藏法师传》：“任师西迈，乞垂早食……遂共结为兄弟。”Biography of the Tripitaka Master: "The King pledged to support his westward journey and swore brotherhood with him."
在龟兹与木叉毱多论辩经义，留六十余日后翻越积雪千尺的凌山（天山木扎尔特达坂）出天山北麓。
Delayed two months in Kucha by winter snows while debating scriptures, Xuanzang then scaled the glacial Muzart Pass of the Tian Shan.
《大唐西域记》：“山谷积雪，春夏合冻，虽时消泮，寻复结冰。”Great Tang Records on the Western Regions: "The mountain valleys are piled with snow, frozen through spring and summer."
循大清池（伊塞克湖）至碎叶城会西突厥统叶护可汗，可汗设宴礼敬并派译官率骑护送南下。
Passing Lake Issyk-Kul to Suyab, he met Tong Yabghu Khagan of the Western Turks, who assigned a multilingual envoy to escort him south.
《大唐西域记》：“清池西北行五百余里至素叶水城，逢突厥叶护可汗方事畋游。”Great Tang Records: "Traveling 500 li northwest from the Clear Lake to Suyab, he met the Turkic Yabghu Khagan on a hunt."
经塔什干、撒马尔罕穿铁门关，渡阿姆河抵号称“小王舍城”的缚喝国，与般若羯罗切磋毗婆沙论。
Passing Samarkand and the Iron Gate Pass across the Oxus to Balkh (“Little Rajagrha”), he studied Abhidharma texts at Nava Vihara.
《大唐西域记》：“缚喝国，伽蓝百有余所，僧徒三千余人。”Great Tang Records: "The Kingdom of Balkh has over a hundred monasteries and more than three thousand monks."
翻越兴都库什大雪山、礼巴米扬石佛入北天竺健驮逻，后驻迦湿弥罗研经两年，深游五印十余载。
Crossing the Hindu Kush past Bamiyan into Gandhara, he studied two years in Kashmir before journeying across India for over a decade.
《大唐西域记》：“自古大圣贤，多生此国，作论诸师，亦多出此。”Great Tang Records: "Since antiquity, great sages and treatise-masters have arisen in this land of Gandhara."
抵摩揭陀国那烂陀寺，礼百岁住持戒贤论师为师，潜心研习《瑜伽师地论》及诸部经论凡五年。
At Nalanda Monastery in Magadha, he studied the Yogacarabhumi-sastra and Buddhist canons for five years under aged abbot Silabhadra.
《大唐西域记》：“僧徒数千，并俊才高学也，德重当时，声驰异域者，数百余矣。”Great Tang Records: "Its monks number several thousand, all of outstanding talent and learning; several hundred are honored in their time and renowned in foreign lands."
戒日王于曲女城设十八国无遮大会，玄奘任论主悬论门外，十八日无一人能难，获尊“大乘天”。
At King Harsha’s Eighteen-Kingdom Assembly in Kannauj, Xuanzang presided as master of debate; for 18 days no one could refute his thesis.
《大慈恩寺三藏法师传》：“若其间有一字无理能难破者，请斩首相谢。”Biography of the Tripitaka Master: "Should anyone find a single word herein unreasoned and refute it, I offer my head in apology."
载梵本经论越葱岭东归至于阗，遣使向唐太宗奉表陈情；太宗降敕欣慰迎归，命沿途州县护送。
Returning across the Pamirs to Khotan with Sanskrit scriptures, he sent a memorial to Emperor Taizong, who issued an edict welcoming him home.
《进西域记表》：“冒越宪章，私往天竺……历览周游，一十七载。”Memorial to the Throne: "Having ventured beyond the border laws to India, I traveled and observed for seventeen years."
返抵长安迎奉六百五十七部梵经，后于弘福寺、大慈恩寺主持译场十九载，撰《大唐西域记》。
Returning to Chang’an with 657 Sanskrit texts, he led the imperial translation bureau for 19 years and compiled Great Tang Records.
《旧唐书·玄奘传》：“贞观十九年，归至京师，太宗见之大悦，与之谈论。”Old Book of Tang: "In the 19th year of Zhenguan he returned to the capital; Emperor Taizong met him with great joy."